ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, an emerging respiratory pathogen. The work environment represents a high-risk factor for health professionals. Given the scarcity of protective personal equipment due to global demand, decontamination and reuse studies should be carried out. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a method of decontamination of N95/PFF2 respirators, especially regarding structural integrity. METHODS: N95/PFF2 respirators were subjected to hydrogen peroxide decontamination and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Seven respirators of the same brand and lot were used, one being a control and the other six subjected to decontamination process. As for the sealing, a qualitative test was applied, in order to identify the changes in the structure that could damage the sealing of respirators. RESULTS: Indicated that the fiber morphology in all layers was not affected by the six decontamination cycles. Also, the thermal stability in the different layers was very similar. Fit testing showed that the respiradors submitted to all cycles of decontamination were approved. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it is possible to conclude that the hydrogen peroxide decontamination method is effective, since it does not alter the physical properties of the respirators.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Decontamination , Equipment Reuse , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Ventilators, MechanicalABSTRACT
Identificar na literatura as indicações de realização da episiotomia na assistência ao parto normal, relacionando-as a evidências científicas e compreendendo os riscos relacionados à sua prática, Método: revisão integrativa da literatura com abrangência no período de 2005 a 2015, nas bases de dados LlLACS, SciELO, MEDLlNE, PUBMED e Biblioteca Cochrane. Resultados: encontrados 163 artigos científicos, após a primeira etapa de avaliação houve adequação de 33 e quando analisados criteriosamente foram selecionados 16, Constatou-se entre os resultados que a episiotomia é um procedimento amplamente realizado com intuito de reduzir a morbimortalidade materna e fetal, no entanto, existem evidencias científicas que apontam a necessidade de restrição de seu uso. Conclusões: as principais indicações de realização da episiotomia na assistência ao parto normal listadas na literatura são: rigidez perineal, primiparidade, multíparas com episiotomia anterior, adolescentes, macrossomia fetal, posições occiptosacra, abreviação do expulsivo prolongado, padrão fetal não tranquilizador, prematuridade, uso de fórceps ou extração a vácuo, iminência de lesão de 3° grau, falta de conhecimento sobre a elasticidade perineal, rotina, proteção do períneo anterior e idade materna. A episiotomia rotineira e sem consentimento pode causar alterações e complicações definitivas...
To identify in literature the indications of episiotomy in normal delivery assistance, relating them to scientific evidence and understanding the risks related to its practice. Method: integrative literature review ranging from 2005 to 2015, in the LlLACS, SciELO, MEDLlNE, PubMed data bases and in the Cochrane Li bra ry. Results: 163 scientific articles found; after the first evaluation stage, 33 considered adequate and when analyzed carefully, 16 were selected, It was found between the results that episiotomy is a procedure widely performed in order to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality; however, there is scientific evidence indicating the need for restriction of its use. Conclusions: the main indications for episiotomy in normal delivery assistance listed in the literature are: perineal rigidity, primiparity, multiparous with previous episiotomy, adolescents, fetal macrosomia, occiptosacra positions, abbreviation of prolonged expulsion, not reassuring fetal pattern, prematurity, use of forceps or vacuum extraction, imminent 3rd degree injury, lack of knowledge of the perineal elasticity, routine, former perineal protection and maternal age. Routine episiotomy and without consent may cause changes and permanent complications...
ldentificar en la literatura las indicaciones de la episiotomía en la asistencia al parto normal, relacionándolas con la evidencia científica y comprendiendo los riesgos relacionados con su práctica. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura con una cobertura de 2005 a 2015, en las bases de datos LlLACS, SciELO, MEDLlNE, PubMed y la Biblioteca Cochrane. Resultados: Se encontraron 163 artículos científicos, después de la primera etapa de evaluación había adecuación de 33 y cuando se analiza cuidadosamente se seleccionaron 16. Se encontró a partir de los resultados que la episiotomía es un procedimiento ampliamente realizado con el fin de reducir la morbilidad y la mortalidad materna y fetal, sin embargo, hay evidencias científicas que indican la necesidad de la restricción de su uso. Conclusiones: Las principales indicaciones de la episiotomía en la asistencia ai parto normal, que aparece en la literatura son: rigidez perineal, primiparidad multíparas con episiotomía anterior, los adolescentes, macrosomía fetal, posiciones occiptosacra, abreviatura de la expulsión prolongada, estándar fetal no tranquilizador, prematuridad, el uso de fórceps o extracción de vacío, lesión inminente de tercera medida, falta de conocimiento sobre Ia elasticidad dei perineo, rutina, protección de 10 perineo anterior y edad materna. La episiotomía de rutina y sin consentimiento pueden causar cambios y complicaciones permanentes...
